There’s never been a better time to make the jump to a full-frame digital camera. Over the past few years, models with 24-by-36mm image sensors—the same dimensions as a frame of 35mm film—have become more and more affordable. And although the smaller APS-C sensor format is still the de facto standard for entry-level SLRs and mirrorless cameras, you don’t have to move too far north of $1,000 to go full-frame.
There are real advantages to the format, which features a sensor with roughly twice the surface area of APS-C models. It gives photographers more control over depth of field, generally better images in difficult light, and access to (generally) higher-resolution models.
Take a look at our favorite full-frame models below and be sure to read to the end for helpful buying advice about this category.
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Deeper Dive: Our Top Tested Picks
Canon EOS R3
Best High-Speed Mirrorless for Pros
Why We Picked It
The EOS R3 is Canon’s fastest mirrorless camera to date and the best pick for system photogs who capture action scenes, subjects in motion, and exotic wildlife. Its Stacked CMOS sensor snaps 24MP Raw photos at up to 30fps, without any interruption in the viewfinder. The HDR viewfinder is a marvel; it offers all the advantages of an EVF, but still shows a picture that’s closer to what you see in an optical finder. With other whiz-bang features like eye-control autofocus and 6K60 capture, this camera can nail the toughest shots.
Who It’s For
The R3 is all about speed—it focuses instantly, supports 30fps drive, and has an autofocus system that intelligently identifies and tracks many types of subjects. It’s a dream camera for photogs who cover team sports, snap pics of animals in the wild, or make a living covering weddings and events. Videographers can find a reason to grab it, too—it boasts 10-bit recording with a flat profile at up to 6K quality.
PROS
- Intelligent autofocus with excellent subject recognition
- 14-bit Raw imaging at up to 30fps
- Large HDR viewfinder with OVF simulation
- Supports CFexpress and UHS-II SD memory
- Ample wired and wireless connectivity options
- Sized-down gripped body handles beautifully
- 6K60 Raw and 4K120 video modes
CONS
- Eye Control focus isn’t magical
- Finicky USB-C charging support
Panasonic Lumix DC-S5
Best for New Photogs and Vloggers
Why We Picked It
If you’re shopping for a full-frame value, it’s tough to argue against the Panasonic Lumix S5. The camera doesn’t have the most earth-shattering spec list, but a stabilized 24MP sensor with 96MP multi-shot, 10-bit 4K60 video, and smart ergonomics and controls make the S5 a compelling starter camera. It’s backed by a growing library of L-mount lenses from Leica, Panasonic, and Sigma, so you’ve got options for glass. The downside is autofocus—the S5 tops out at 7fps tracking. As such, the Canon R6 and Sony a7 IV are better options for action photography.
Who It’s For
Creators who snap both pictures and record video, vloggers who need a dual-purpose camera body, and family photogs who want a better-than-smartphone experience to fill out photo albums and carry on vacation should all look at the S5. We especially like its bundled 20-60mm zoom for beginners; its extra-wide 20mm starting angle offers an advantage for landscapes and interiors compared with typical kit zooms that start at 24mm or 28mm.
PROS
- Excellent 24MP full-frame sensor
- 5-axis IBIS
- Improved DFD focus system
- 10-bit 4K60 video
- 5.9K ProRes Raw with Ninja V
- Dust and splash protection
- Superb ergonomics
- Dual SDXC card slots
CONS
- L-mount lens library still growing
- Tracking focus limited to 6fps
Sony a1
Best for Blackout-Free 30fps Bursts
Why We Picked It
The Sony a1 is the biggest, baddest E-mount camera out there. It’s expensive, but you get a do-it-all feature set. Its 50MP Stacked CMOS sensor satisfies high-resolution fans, 30fps Raw capture and smart autofocus are there for sports and wildlife specialists, and 8K video should please cinematographers. It’s the Sony to get if you need a camera that does everything exceptionally well.
Who It’s For
Sony system creators who need a do-it-all camera should start their search with the a1. Its stellar autofocus system is just as adept for video as for stills. Wildlife photogs should appreciate animal detection and the cropping flex the 50MP chip provides, while sports specialists should like the interruption-free view the EVF and Stacked CMOS sensor provides. The a1 is too much camera for beginners, but pros and shutterbugs should love it.
PROS
- Stacked full-frame 50MP sensor
- Up to 30fps Raw photography
- Superior autofocus and subject tracking
- Internal 10-bit 8K recording
- 4K120 for slow motion
- 5-axis stabilization
- High-magnification viewfinder
- Dust and splash protection
- Dual CFexpress/SDXC card slots
CONS
- Rear display should be better
- 8K video chews through battery
Sony a7 IV
Best for Hybrid Creators
Why We Picked It
Sony has been making full-frame mirrorless cameras longer than others and that experience shines through in its fourth-generation entry, the a7 IV. A stabilized 33MP BSI CMOS image sensor and 4K60 video meet the needs of mixed-media creators, and it inherits some autofocus features from the high-end a1, including eye detection for people and many types of wildlife. There are more lenses available for Sony’s system than for any other system too, so the a7 IV is a good pick for photogs who want to explore wide, telephoto, or macro photography.
Who It’s For
If you can’t quite justify the cost of the Sony a1, but like its versatility, the A7 IV is the next best option. It’s a highly competent camera for both stills and video creators.
PROS
- Stabilized full-frame imaging and video
- 33MP resolution leaves room to crop
- 4K60 video with 10-bit color sampling
- Tracks subjects at up to 10fps
- Configurable controls
- Subject recognition for people, animals, and birds
- Large lens library
CONS
- 6fps burst shooting at highest quality settings
- Omits Pixel Shift multi-shot mode
- Rear display not as crisp as competitors
- Eye detection focus isn’t spot-on with current firmware
Sony a7R V
Best for Uncompromised Resolution and Speed
Why We Picked It
The Sony a7R V features a 60MP full-frame sensor that should appeal to photographers who love pixel-rich files. The sensor is the same as in the previous-generation a7R IV, but faster processors and an all-new autofocus system offer considerable improvements in speed and subject recognition. For video, you can pick between 8K30 or 4K60 recording. As a pro camera, the a7R V has a magnesium frame and weather protection, so it’s just as usable in the field as it is in the studio.
Who It’s For
We recommend the a7R V for people who care most about pixel count. It’s a versatile camera that’s good for everything from archival work (it has a 240MP multi-shot mode) to wildlife and action photography (it offers a 10fps drive and AI-trained subject recognition). It’s not as strong a contender for video, however; lower-pixel cameras like the a7 IV or Panasonic S5 II are better choices for that pursuit.
PROS
- Stabilized 60MP full-frame sensor
- 7fps Raw capture at top quality
- Smart tracking focus powered by AI
- Huge, ultra-sharp EVF
- Clever dual-tilting touch screen
- Configurable controls and touch menu system
- Dual card slots work with CFe (Type A) and UHS-II SDXC
CONS
- Sensor readout speed limits e-shutter and video
- Multi-shot requires desktop stitching software
- Raw quality drops off at 10fps drive
Leica M10 Monochrom
Best for Black-and-White Imaging
Why We Picked It
There’s no other camera quite like the Leica M10 Monochrom. For one, the German-made full-framer is a rangefinder. It uses an optical viewfinder and requires manual focus. And then there’s the sensor: the 45MP imager sees the world in black-and-white, not color. We love that the M series aesthetics haven’t changed too much since the 1950s as well. We just wish it didn’t cost so much.
Who It’s For
The M10 Monochrom is a splurge camera for sure. But if you can manage it, love the smell of a darkroom, and have enjoyed debating the merits of Kodak Tri-X versus Ilford HP5, this is the camera for you. If you prefer a rangefinder that snaps color photos, Leica’s M11 is available for around the same price, $8,995.
PROS
- 40MP full-frame monochrome sensor
- Optical viewfinder with rangefinder focus
- Luxurious fit and finish
- Crisp touch LCD
- Dust and splash resistant
- Nearly silent mechanical shutter
- Add-on EVF available
- Wi-Fi
CONS
- Premium pricing
- Doesn’t do color or video
- Manual focus isn’t for everyone
Canon EOS R5
Best for High-Resolution Stills and 8K Video
Why We Picked It
In the SLR days, the Canon 5D series was the go-to choice for just about every wedding and event photographer in the system. The EOS R5 is its mirrorless counterpart. It offers exceptional picture quality, an excellent subject-detection autofocus system, and snappy performance. For video, it records at up to 8K, though it’s better for shorter clips because of the file sizes and heat build-up that result from high-res video.
Who It’s For
Pros and photo hobbyists who already have Canon gear are no doubt familiar with the EOS R5. If you put a priority on pixel count and want some room to crop your photos, the R5 is the sensible pick versus the more ho-hum 24MP snaps you get from the R6 Mark II or R3. The R5 is still plenty fast with a 12/20fps mechanical/electronic shutter system, too.
PROS
- Superb 45MP full-frame sensor
- Fast, accurate autofocus
- Subject tracking at up to 20fps
- Big, brilliant EVF
- Swing-out touch LCD
- 5-axis IBIS
- CFexpress and UHS-II SDXC card support
- 8K and 4K video look great
CONS
- Video record time limited by heat
- Expensive CFexpress memory required for some features
- Battery life could be better
- Lens system still has some room to grow
- Priced higher than competitors
Canon EOS R6
Best for Speedy Focus
Why We Picked It
It’s been a couple of years since we first reviewed the EOS R6, but it’s still a quality choice for photography and video. The stabilized 20MP sensor captures attractive photos with plenty of dynamic range, while 4K60 recording is available for vloggers and filmmakers. Its feature set isn’t as robust as the EOS R6 Mark II, a brand-new model we’ve not yet tested, so it’s definitely a camera to get on sale.
Who It’s For
Canon’s EOS R mirrorless system is one of our favorites, and the midrange EOS R6 is an appropriate model for hybrid creators. If you’re upgrading from a Canon SLR, you can bring your existing lenses along (with an adapter) and use the same flashes, while folks coming fresh into the system should appreciate the diverse RF lens lineup. If you’re not on a tight budget, however, it’s probably worth spending more on the R6 Mark II. For big prints and cropping, the 45MP EOS R5 is a better pick; the R6’s 20MP sensor just doesn’t scratch that high-resolution itch.
PROS
- Outstanding 20MP image sensor
- Quick, smart autofocus
- Subject tracking at 20fps
- Large, crisp EVF
- Swing-out touch LCD
- Dual UHS-II SDXC card slots
- Strong 4K video quality
CONS
- 4K60 recording limited by heat
- Fewer pixels than most competitors
- Battery life could be better
- Lens system still has room for growth
Canon EOS RP
Best Budget Full-Frame Model
Why We Picked It
The Canon EOS RP is one of the most affordable ways to get into full-frame photography. It’s regularly available for around $1,300 with a starter zoom and delivers pleasing 26MP photos. Automatic operation is an option for beginners, while manual modes should appeal to those with more experience. The RP is also compatible with some of the same accessories and lenses (via an adapter) from Canon SLRs, too.
Who It’s For
The EOS RP is a good choice for photographers who want to get a full-frame camera, but don’t mind missing out on some of the latest features, like subject detection focus. If you are a fan of landscapes, portraits, or just want to take vacation and nature photos, the RP is fully capable. Canon photogs who care more about action subjects should save up for an EOS R6 or go with the APS-C EOS R10 instead. If you’re on the Nikon side of the fence, the Z 5 has a similar appeal as the RP.
PROS
- Compact body with full-frame sensor.
- Vari-angle LCD.
- Integrated EVF.
- Quick, accurate autofocus.
- Macro stacking and time-lapse tools.
- Wi-Fi.
- Attractive price.
CONS
- Small EVF.
- Low-cost native lenses not available yet.
- Inconsistent face and eye detection.
- 4K video suffers from heavy crop.
- Sensor shows limited dynamic range.
- Small battery.
- No built-in flash.
Nikon Z 7 II
Best for 45MP Images and 4K60 Video
Why We Picked It
The Nikon Z 7 II wins us over with fantastic picture quality and detailed 4K60 video. The 45MP sensor is a winner and pairs well with Nikon’s autofocus system that supports tracking and eye detection for people and many animals. A stabilized sensor, weather-sealed magnesium construction, and dual memory card slots round out the feature set.
Who It’s For
Shutterbugs and pros should find plenty to like about the Z 7 II, including compatibility with Nikon SLR lenses via an adapter. Creators moving over from a D850 should appreciate the familiar controls and enjoy the wider spread of autofocus points mirrorless cameras provide. If you’re starting fresh with a system, Nikon’s Z mount includes some exclusive ultralight telephoto primes and a good line of affordable F1.8 lenses. Big camera fans shouldn’t forget about the Nikon Z 9 either; it offers similar picture quality from a Stacked CMOS sensor.
PROS
- Superb 45MP full-frame sensor
- 5-axis IBIS
- 4K video at up to 60fps
- Tilting touch LCD
- Magnesium build with dust and splash protection
- Legacy lens support via FTZ adapter
- SnapBridge wireless
CONS
- Not many third-party lenses available
- Omits multi-shot sampling mode
- Raw video support costs extra
Buying Guide: The Best Full-Frame Cameras for 2023
Should You Get a Mirrorless Body, SLR, or Something Else?
Choosing the right full-frame model for you isn’t the easiest prospect. You need to decide if you want to go with an SLR or mirrorless model—or to buck expectations and opt for a rangefinder or fixed-lens camera instead.
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Mirrorless systems have overtaken SLRs in performance. You can enjoy wider autofocus coverage, faster burst rates, and much better video than with a traditional optical viewfinder model. If you’re not ready to move on, you can still get an excellent SLR from Canon, Nikon, or Pentax.
If you’re thinking about moving to mirrorless, you can look to an adapter to take your existing lenses. Canon and Nikon both offer adapters for their respective systems, while other accessories, such as flashes, are usable without any add-ons.
Sony a7R V
(Credit: Jim Fisher)
The advantages of mirrorless systems are palpable. There are fewer moving parts and engineers can put the autofocus system directly on the sensor. As a result, there’s never a need to make focus calibration adjustments, and focus points can extend all the way to the edge of the frame. Photographers used to optical viewfinders might require an adjustment period, but an EVF makes it easier to judge exposure settings than ever before.
Video is the other arena in which mirrorless cameras outpace most competing SLRs. On-sensor focus systems mean that cameras can keep up with moving subjects when you record movies. Additionally, several models from Canon, Nikon, and Sony offer in-body image stabilization (IBIS) that makes it possible to get very steady handheld recordings.
Nikon Z 7 II
(Credit: Jim Fisher)
It’s still easy to take great photos with SLRs, even if they don’t offer as many advanced features as upstart mirrorless rivals. Professionals with years of muscle memory might find that familiar ergonomics trump technical advantages. Others might simply prefer an old-school, optical viewfinder.
And there’s the road less traveled. There are cameras with full-frame sensors, like the Leica M10-R rangefinder series, which is a purely manual focus camera with an optical viewfinder and absolutely no video support.
There are even a few cameras available with 24-by-36mm sensors and fixed lenses. The Leica Q2 and Q2 Monochrom, and the Sony RX1R II represent the current crop.
What Are Your Full-Frame System Options?
Fixed-lens outliers aside, most photographers who buy a full-frame camera will end up with an interchangeable lens model. And before you settle in on a particular camera, you should make sure it’s part of a system that meets all of the challenges you face as a photographer.
Canon EOS R3
(Credit: Jim Fisher)
Canon has two full-frame systems available. Its well-established SLR series uses the EF lens mount and offers cameras ranging from entry-level to professional. In 2018, it added the EOS R mirrorless family, which uses the RF mount, but can also use EF lenses via an inexpensive adapter.
Panasonic Lumix S5
(Credit: Jim Fisher)
In addition to its iconic M rangefinder series, Leica launched a mirrorless system in 2015 with the SL camera. It lived in its niche for a few years, but that changed at the 2018 Photokina conference. Leica announced that Panasonic and Sigma were joining it to form the L-Mount Alliance. Panasonic has released six models so far, and Sigma is shipping its compact fp and fp L, two of the smallest full-frame cameras.
Like Canon, Nikon has two full-frame systems. You can opt for an SLR, which uses the F-mount, and the mirrorless Z-mount system, which launched in 2018.
Nikon Z 5
(Credit: Jim Fisher)
Nikon has continued to support its SLR system with new full-frame releases, including 2020’s D780, pleasing optical viewfinder devotees. But most of its newer cameras use the mirrorless Z mount. Current full-frame models include the entry-level Z 5, midrange Z 6 II, high-resolution Z 7 II, and high-end Z 9.
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Pentax K-1
(Credit: Paul Maljak)
Pentax is an iconic SLR brand but doesn’t give owners much choice when it comes to full-frame cameras. It’s released two—the K-1 and K-1 Mark II—and the Mark II’s upgrades are minimal. Both use a 36MP sensor, include weather protection, and offer in-body stabilization.
Sony technically has two systems, but its A-mount SLR series is no longer in production. You might still be able to find the a99 II second-hand, but it’s a camera that only makes sense for photographers with a stash of Minolta and Sony A-mount SLR lenses. If you’re in that boat and ready to move on to mirrorless, the Sony LA-EA5 adapter is there to bring your favorite SLR lenses to a mirrorless camera.
Sony a9
(Credit: Zlata Ivleva)
The Sony E mirrorless system is one of the most popular, and fully developed, in the mirrorless segment. After nearly a decade on the market, the company has delivered models tuned for high-speed action, high-resolution capture, and high-quality video. There are loads of lenses available, both first- and third-party, and Sony continues to sell older models at lower prices, thus broadening the appeal for entry-level buyers.
If you’re still not sure what system is right for you, we cover all the options, including those with smaller than full-frame sensors, here.
Get the Right Camera
It’s easy to buy a full-frame camera—you just need a credit card. It’s getting the right one that can be tricky. Once you’ve settled in on the right system, make sure the model you choose meets your needs. Photographers interested in action should look for one with great autofocus and a fast burst rate, while fine art and landscape specialists should seek out a high-resolution model with extreme dynamic range.
You can take a look at our latest reviews to see what’s just come to market. We also have some tips for enthusiasts who want to get more out of their camera, and guides with instructions on getting great shots of fireworks and lightning.
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